The Start Up of Me

You will never know what you can complete until you try it out.
This drawing is done with the inspiration of the gift that someone passed me. After successfully accomplished iCommu project, I realized I have a deep interest in design and arty expression. It is the variety of expression draws me to the world of Media as well as the people who are around me.

2012 June, I am 21 years old. When I find out Taylor is the same age as me, I am totally amazed. People can achieve so much at a young age. Truly, it is not about age and experience but execution and knowledge. By taking actions, many and many of us have made a real impact on people's life. 

Grace joined  YangLan conversation program in TV station in China. Sometimes, I wondered what is fate that made each one of us so different. 

We are the decisions we make. We are the action we take. And we are the connections we have. 

It is great to know Mr. Tan, who is currently organizing TechVenture in Singapore. The essence of involve in start-ups, involve in building a business, get fundings has never died in me. But I want to build something slightly different. 

When I watched makers, I admire Jennifer Siebel, Leila Janah and Lauren Bucherie. Those beautiful women are full of courage and determination. Their product is beautiful, be it a movie or a music platform and their way of approach is nearly always elegant and stylish. 

Check more from here : http://www.makers.com/

If you are a female, you will find your role model. If you are a male, you will be simply amazed by how much women can do.

Mr. Tan has recommend me the book written by  Reid Hoffman, the Co-founder of LinkedIn and Ben Casnocha. The book shared a similar idea with one of popular Youtube Video. The world is changing very fast, and by merely memorizing fact and theories on books is far from enough to get us successful (However that is not to say school is not important, on the contrary, I believe it is fairly important. Do not hate school because you did not  excel or you get frustrated sometime. The trick is always try another time and make it better. If you cannot have an good attitude with school, seldom will you with life, too.) Therefore, to keep up with the world, we have to stay with correct information resources. 

Attached is a mind map summary of the book. 

I still dare not to say, I have done all the things I am interested in, even fantastic. But I have a clear intention here in my heart and I roughly know how to get there. 

Never say never. Entrepreneurs always in the state of starting something , and the most important start up is, you. 

Festival De Cannes

Official Website： http://www.festival-cannes.fr/

I was lucky to witness a live ceremony for Ellen K on the Walk of Fame. The reality is that I have tons and tons of miles to go before I reached the place I dream of being. But why should I be ashamed of my dreams? No, if I truly believe this is something I do like and want to be involved, I will tell you, and accept the criticisms,  sneers, or insult that you may give me. I can be laughed at. However I only live once, there is nothing, nothing I will trade for my dreams.

So it comes the topic of this post: Festibal De Cannes.   
It has been long known by me as a prestige and global events, but never have I explore deeper what it means and how it was hosted. Today, please go with me, let's unveil the mysterious front of this famous film festival.

---------------------------------------------------

From the official Website, ABOUT session-- 

What is the mission of the Festival de Cannes?

Ever since its creation, the Festival de Cannes has remained faithful to its founding purpose: to draw attention to and raise the profile of films with the aim of contributing towards the development of cinema, boosting the film industry worldwide and celebrating cinema at an international level.

 

 

What is the Official Selection?

The Official Selection serves to highlight the diversity of cinematic creation through its different sections, the two most important of which are the Competition and Un Certain Regard. Films that are representative of “arthouse cinema with a wide audience appeal” are presented in Competition, and Un Certain Regard focuses on works that have an original aim and aesthetic. The Official Selection also includes Out of Competition films, Special Screenings and Midnight Screenings, Cannes Classics and the Cinéfondation selection targeting film schools.

 

 

What do the “red stairs” represent today?

These are one aspect of the event and, without doubt, the part of the festival that draws the most media attention. For the organisation, they represent above all an opportunity to give an initial and equally special welcome to both the world’s greatest film artists and emerging talent. They also represent an opportunity to honour the creativity of those artists on whom the Festival’s prestige depends.

 

 

What do the non-competitive selections consist of?

The Out of Competition films are often films that have a big impact on the cinematic calendar, and the Special Screenings and Midnight Screenings represent a special opportunity to view more personal works. Restored copies of films that are important in the history of cinema are brought back to life at Cannes Classics, which also offers tributes and documentaries focusing on cinema. In addition to the Selection, cinema lovers can also explore the world of cinema in a different way by attending lessons, tributes, exhibitions and so on.

 

 

Where do short films fit in at Cannes?

At Cannes, short films feature in the Competition, at the end of which the short films Jury awards a Palme d’or, and in the Short Film Corner, a professional area dedicated to meeting people, exchanging ideas and promoting films.
En 2010, the Festival created "Cannes Short Film" to bring these two entities together in a complementary dynamic in an attempt to offer an all-encompassing panorama of short film production worldwide, as well as to stimulate the creativity of short film artists.

 

What initiatives has the Festival set up to encourage film production?

The Festival is very keen to discover new talent and act as a springboard for creation. The development of “Cannes Short Film” is just one example of this. A number of initiatives aimed at supporting the talent of the future have already been introduced: the Caméra d’Or is awarded to the best film presented either in the Official Selection, during Directors´ Fortnight or during the Semaine de la Critique.

The Cinéfondation, which serves to showcase new trends in the film industry, screens films from film schools as part of the Official Selection, as well as organising the Résidence and the Atelier.

 

 

How do you maintain the Festival’s international dimension?

The films selected and the professionals whose work is recognised at the Festival come from around the world, and there is international coverage of the event in the media. In addition, the Festival de Cannes offers filmmaking countries the chance to showcase the richness of their cinema in the Village international, which hosted over 40 countries in 2011.

To further enhance the Festival’s international dimension, six new languages were added to the official website in 2010. Internet users can now follow the event not only in French and English, but also in Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic and Russian.

 

 

Does the Marché du film represent the economic side of the Festival de Cannes?

From a very early stage, the Festival de Cannes has placed an emphasis on its Marché du Film as a way of promoting the dual cultural and economic nature of cinema. Today, boasting in excess of 10,000 participants and 4,000 films, it is the world’s leading market, serving to add dynamism to the global film industry. It forms an integral part of the Festival in the sense that it also facilitates networking and provides accredited professionals with the services and tools they need in order to exchange information, hold negotiations and uncover new opportunities.

 

 

What does the Festival do for the general public?

A film’s success and its director’s reputation depend above all on how it is received in cinemas. Despite being an event for film professionals only, the Festival is mindful of this reality and is taking steps to improve the way it reaches film enthusiasts.
In 2011, the opening film was released in French cinemas on the same day as its screening at Cannes and the Opening ceremony was broadcast in cinemas enabling audiences to experience the Festival launch night live.

At Cannes, the Cinéma de la Plage, an outdoor cinema, screens a different film each night - and, since 2010, even the occasional world première – from its theme-based programme. These open-air screenings are open to anyone who works closely with the general public.

 

 

The Festival is going to turn 65, what is the secret to its lasting success?

While maintaining a strong connection to its past, the Festival is very ready to take on board new and original concepts. Over the years, it has evolved, all the while seeking to preserve its core values: a passion for cinema, the discovery of new talent, and bringing together professionals and journalists from around the world with the aim of contributing to the creation and distribution of films.
During the Festival´s 65^th edition, to be held from 16^th to 27^th May 2012, projects will be conceived, experiences will be shared and different cultures will come into contact: it is this dynamism that makes the Festival de Cannes a true reflection of its time.

 

 ----------------------------------------------------------

iPhone Apps

 

If you have an iPhone, there are two free apps you can download. 

1. Festibal De Cannes

2. Cinnando For iPhone

---------------------------------------------------------------

Producer Workshops 

 Apart from what seems glamorous and seems impossible to reach, please believe there is always more that what was put in the front. The producers looks like normal people aren't they? 

Festival De Cannes is open to the public to register as well, the fee for  a producer workshop is around 279€，that is cheaper than a LSD  Cannon Camera.  

An exclusive program of meet-and-greets!

Launched in 2004, the Producers Network hosts 550 producers from around the world in a series of meetings and events. Created to stimulate international coproduction and project financing, this event is specially designed for producers.
Every day an individually tailored program will give you the opportunity to meet the various partners your projects require, be it a co-producer, distributor, sales agent or financier.

 

 

 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

More to find in their partner organization 

If you are keen, there will be more information to find in their partner organization webpage. 

 

The Israel Film Fund    ------ http://www.filmfund.org.il/default.asp

Promagenes Colombia ------ http://www.proimagenescolombia.com/index.php?lang=en

NFI ------ http://www.nfi.no/

VAF ------ http://www.vaf.be/taal/en/
FlandersImage ------http://www.flandersimage.com/ 

SODEC ------ http://www.sodec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/home/english

Telefilm Canada ------http://www.dohafilminstitute.com/

DFI ------ http://www.telefilm.ca/en/?q=en

I did not find an English version for the last one, therefore I just leave it blank here. This is only a list of partner. Festival De Cannes also give out information of their sponsors and associated partners. I always thought making film will means no money to earn, according to Prof. Douglas.  

I know that is not my only obstacle.  To be frankly, I am not a fantastic photographer, I stopped learning arts as in drawing when my mom banded that course for me when I was 4 years old. I continued music training until 13, that is 9 years of study. But so what, I have not performed on a school level performance since I came to Singapore. 

Put all of those complain aside. I remember there is a theory in Buddhism, do not hold something too tight. Anton, has suggested me when he left SG. 

 

You are looking for someone too hard, he said. Yes, and maybe it is not only about relationship, but also about everything that I am doing for now. 

 

I know what I want to do, and I know I am on the way. Unfortunately, life is not all about what we want, and our way. That's the reason I accept Jesus. I will surly leave no excuse to perform on my part. But the rest, I will leave it to the trust of the great love. For the people I encounter daily, I know you have guided me, and protected me. I trust that you will lead me to the place I supposed to be. 

 

  

This the the exploration for today. I will write about my iCommu Trip and the novel I am working on later today. 

Hope you have a nice day, too. My blog post readers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hollywood Fantasy

Grace, Brain and I are living in Hollywood Boulevard now. Grace send out the email contains a list of LinkedIn Speakers. It feels like a dream, a dream that finally comes true. It is our trip, the iCommu trip. It is our song, our laugh and our memory.
This morning, after I get up and went to the small cafe beside the hotel. I heard people talking about film making. The area we lived in is far from luxury, since we are only student without incomes. But you can know that everyone lives here have a dream. They are somehow influenced by the culture. The LA culture, sexual oriented, attention thirsty, and vibrate.
We are lucky that we witness the ceremony at the Walk of Fame of Ellen K. Later, we sightseeing around Chinese Theater and Koadak Theater. Had a tour to the hollywood Sign later, and in the end, we passed by Hollywood Museum. There are much to see the to do here in LA. I wish I could have more time to reflect but it is already 2: 45 at night.

How I wish time past by slower.

Be still, hold on, Chase your dream.

[iN2015] Infocomm Singapore -- Digital Cinema

Singapore sees the importance of infocomm as an engine of growth for the economy. The building of a vibrant infocomm economy supporting the vision of An Intelligent Nation 2015(iN2015), A Global City, Powered by Infocomm.
Among the list of programmes published by iDA, digital cinema has been shaded some dime light on.

Trusted Digital Cinema Hub programme aims to establish Singapore as the secure trusted hub for the processing, management and distribution of digital cinematic content to Asia Pacific. It also aims to work with industry to put in place supporting infrastructure, such as processing facilities and network operation centres for Digital Cinema.

Singapore already has over 1 million square feet of advanced data centre space. It is one of the most connected cities in Asia with more than 16 Gbps of extensive and direct Internet connectivity to over 20 countries. This comprises 6 Gbps to the United States and over 8 Gbps to Asian cities such as Australia, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Vietnam. In addition, Singapore's direct Internet connectivity to major ASEAN countries is at least 100 Mbps per country. Singapore's network infrastructure is also particularly well-suited for digital delivery of data.

Hurdles to Overcome

• Costs

While there is a lot of savings to be made distributing movies digitally, it is costly to convert a conventional theatre into a digital one. Today, it costs about US$150,000 to do so. Unless movie theatres make full use of the opportunity to screen alternative content, previously not possible with traditional theatres, the digital cinema bandwagon will be a relatively empty one.

• Restructuring

Again, while digital cinema makes a lot of economic sense on the distribution front, it would involve huge changes in the industry; namely workforce restructuring. Even if the net result of the move to digital cinema is a cheaper distribution system, the possibility of restructuring poses a hurdle.

• Piracy

Piracy is another hurdle to the movie industry. For conventional films, a movie 'pirate' either has to hold up the delivery van containing the movie reels or sneaks a video recorder into a theatre. In the first instance, the bootleggers will have to use expensive machinery to make video copies. In the second case, pirated tapes usually have poor image quality.

However, if a movie was already in the form of bytes of data, anybody could make an exact copy by hooking into the data stream. To make broadband and satellite transmission feasible, a secure encryption system has to be in place.

Image Quality
The jury is still out on whether digital movies are up to scratch, so to speak. While digital cinema's proponents cite market research showing audience preference for the image quality of digital movies, many movie buffs still vouch for celluloid. Some purists even go so far as to denounce the pristine image quality of digital movies. Digital movies offer resolutions of 1,300 - 4,000 lines compared to the 1,000 lines of a 35mm film.

Convergence of Multi-Media Technologies
Another hurdle in the horizon is the convergence of home entertainment and professional theatre technology. While there is currently a huge gap in image quality between high-end digital projectors and home models, this may not be the case for long. As home theatre projectors improve and drop in price, digital cinemas may find it harder to pull in the crowds.

The women I love

Post-Exam Vacuum

From last night, my winter vacation of year 2011 has officially started. I am very grateful that my academic result finally gets some improvement. It is still not perfect; I know there were much more I could have done. However I think I had a quite calm, hardworking and steady semester this time. Life has changed significantly since last sem. When I opened my black dairy notes, I could hardly believe all of the events happened in just one year.

Guokr released an article said, time become a blurry mass once our daily experience becomes nearly identical. 100%, I agree with the author. New experience always made me feel refreshing and awake. J said he starts every morning reading Bible, for me, every morning when I opened my eyes I know there is more things to create and experience in this short time zone offered to me; I am excited, and simply grateful for the chance to live and feel in this world. What a blessing!
Rejoice with the lord.

If you know me, if you do, you surly know I am having something on. For this time, I want to follow my heart the listening to the callings deep in my heart. Who am I? How could you be sure who am I based on daily observation? It might be the physical or temporary me at that moment, but who I really am is an unsolved puzzle yet.

I am curious about the answer as well.

Yesterday, during my IS2104 Exam, I liberate my finger flipping the thick notes and articles we studied for this sem. Being an USP students, sometimes I noticed that we are expecting to deliver that level of academic result. We are supposed to be very good in logic, expression and have a pure heart for academic, which are the things I rarely strive myself to do after I came here to Singapore.

All the realities star from a simple dream. When I watched Taylor on NYT, I finally convinced and surrendered to the gorgeous style she has. At the same time start wondering. “What is your deep secret desire that you want to achieve in this life? “


Without a explicit conclusion, I would like to leave the answer to my daily life and performance.

Here is the things I am recently hooked up with :


CD. baby[The co-op Business Model] [Chinese Version]

I met Derek Sivers at INK 2010. He is a very friendly and humble person, sharing about why failure is important for one to become successful. It was a fairly amusing and inspiring talk at the same time. I am inspired at what he sharing of the difficult jobs he has done for getting license and set up online web portal. That strengthened my desire of learning web design and put into more hard work in the MDA visiting program I am working on currently.


Spotify

As a newly merged music company, Spotify utilizes social network as a platform for people to share music quickly. It hits 70,000 paid user after one week. Compared with MOG, Rhapsody, and Gooveshark, Spotify smartly uses the social network effect in Music field, when sharing music with your friends become as simple as clicking a button, music just become a connection rather than a self entertainment. And I firmly believe that is the essence of music, it serves as an element of social life for people to express and connect.


TribeHouse [Music Page of Facebook]

If Spoify is business model, there do exist something more artistic and pure. Thanks to J, I begin to know tribe house. He comes from a musical community and several of the singers are actually his friends. Musicians have never been a massively profitable career. Expect few luck dogs made their works as consumable products, a lot of artist are struggling with real life problems, sometimes, that means financially. But I believe that is the magical power of music. It has something purely spiritual that make you content regardless of the common understanding of living a rich life. When you have an enriched life, less likely you are still keen in seeking material possession.


P.s. There is no evil angel, but love.

10 Steps to Becoming a Great Web Developer

做CS2102的project时变得很被动，组里都是参加IOP的强人，搞得我想贡献也跟不上。撇开借口不说，还是自己的实力不济。做出一个好网站一直是我的一个愿望。几天前在浏览网页时忽然想通自己喜欢媒体的话网络是绝好的发展方向。和传统的电视及广播传媒不同，网络传媒有如下几个基本优势：

1. 形式更加多样：
网络支持文字，图片，视频，音频等等各种形式的信息储存方式，一个网页平台就可以涵盖书籍，电视，电台等各种传媒的功能。

2.互动性强：
网络传媒是一种民主的传媒方式。受众不再单方面的承载信息，相反，他们本身也是生产内容的个体。正是由于这种特点，网络传媒的用户对信息有更多掌控，从而更愿意使用网络传媒的方式。这也是为什么如今大家都不再看电视，而是转向网络的原因之一。

3.限制少，创作自由度大：
迄今为止，网络的广大空间尚未被完全发掘，关于虚拟空间中的行为规范，道德标准等等都是灰色地带话题。从而，网络内容不需要官方的批准就可以发表，这也决定了网络传媒可以独立服务于信息产生者单方，而不迁就，顾忌政策和观点的政治立场。

4. 应用广泛：

无论是创业公司，银行业，艺术画廊等等，现在都有自己的虚拟形象。当然根据不同性质的公司，对网络设计的创新，内容的充实以及信息传播的准确性要求都不尽相同，然而很肯定的一点是，在不久的将来一个好的站点对个人的团体都是必备的。

5.是与第三方（客户）关系管理的重要渠道：

网络是最容易接触到客户的途径了，一个优秀的信息系统可以增进客户和服务方的联系及服务满意度。

6. Start-up 必备：

现在创业变得越来越虚拟，我们不需要工作间，不需要办公室，只需要建立一个网络门户就能接发订单，随时随地地为自己的账户创收。

7. 传统传媒的新方向：

对自己人生的期待，总共那么几个。今天遇到了来自加利福尼亚UC的Jay, 他主攻美国及亚洲关系，并且希望以电影的方式来传播自己的观点。我和他简要阐述了自己的兴趣。喜欢电影，但是担心新加坡市场不够好，去美国不易融入主流，等等。他说电影真正需要的是一个好故事，去学校接受专门的训练当然是好的，可是作为爱好其实有很多可以直接上手来做。

不知道是不是人以类聚，最近身边出现越来越多学媒体或film的人。希望这种inspiration可以持续。All in all 我想说的是，网络也将是视频传播的最大平台，而现在无论是摄影或录制技术都离不开电脑的后期制作。在某些minor 的角度，对code，文件格式，电脑图像，屏幕等等的进一步了解，对我的梦有利无害。

是否是我太过木讷，直到今天才明白这互联网给我们带来的真正自由。我拥抱这自由，同时激动得热泪盈眶。简而言之，在花了一段时间学习adobe photoshop,fianl cut pro, dreamweavwer, premier 之后，也许是时候进一步深入，去探索digital Media的奇妙世界。

下面贴上这篇

For those of us who are already web developers it may seem obvious but when you just getting started and don’t know what to do, it is nice to have guide where to start.

1. Learn HTML
HTML or Hyper Text Markup Language is the markup language for web pages, it is the heart of web pages, so this is what you should aim first. HTML is easy to learn, but it is also easy to misuse them. Learn it right, and you’ll get one of your fundamental as web developer.

Resources
HTML Dog
Getting started with HTML
HTML W3C school tutorial

2. Learn server side scripting

Learning server side scripting is fundamental for web developer, pick one of server side scripting language and try to master it. Here some of your choices :
PHP
Python
Ruby

3. Learn SQL

Building dynamic web pages will get you to learn about database. While there are so many database engine, most of them understand SQL language. If you want to speak with your database then learn this language.



Resources
SQL W3C school tutorials
MySQL Homepage
Wikipedia on SQL

4. Learn CSS

When it come to presentation of your web pages, use stylesheet. This is where CSS will help you. So put some of your time to learn this stuff.

Resources
HTML Dog
CSS Zen Garden

5. Learn Javascript

While most of today web programmer love jQuery, learning basic syntax and how to program in javascript will give you more skill in the long run.

Resources
Javascript tutorial on Webmonkey.com
Javascript W3C school tutorial

6. Learn regular expression
While it is not as important as the others, but knowing about regular expression, and how to use it will definitely save you a lot of time. From validation to highlight words, you can do it easy enough in regular expression.

7. Get yourself basic knowledge of UNIX/Linux

It is optional, but knowing some of basic linux command won’t hurt you. Maybe you don’t know, but most of web server is running on unix/linux platform. If I were you, I’ll get started learning this basic command.

8. Knowing web server

You don’t need to be a master on this part, but it is really nice to know about basic apache configuration, .htaccess tricks. Learning one or two about apache web server won’t waste your time.

9. Get a hand on version control

Learning on how to use version control is one good thing to do. You’ll thank to for yourself for learning this.

10. Learn web framework

After get your hand on HTML, server side scripting language, css, javascript, then it’d be better to choose a web framework to speed up your development. Using framework can save you time. If you’re into PHP, you can go with CakePHP, CodeIgniter, Zend, and many more. Python lovers can go withDjango, webpy, RoR for Ruby programmers.

The Start-- Daily Reflection

念念凤凰卫视的成功经

进军传媒业一直是我的梦想，它神圣而不可磨灭，无论多少人和我说过多少艰险，无论我自己也私自想放下一忘为快，但终究它是在那里的。和实现它相比，一切显得无谓，渺小和不值一提。

很感激，身边也总是有和传媒业走得很近的好友。物以类聚，人与群分，抑或是这一点点话语权，曝光率是谁都不嫌弃试一试的。

传媒，光坏下，总让人猜测是不是有潜规则，是不是有不可告人的秘密。可知，把传媒当成产业的话，亦是一个不容易的活计。社会影响力和名声的塑造系统，在西方世界已经见怪不怪，运营最好的造星机器当然是好莱坞。国内的电视台在传播中央思想的同时，也是一台庞大的造星机器。希望我的兴趣能帮我更好的理解这些社会中的体系。实现传媒这个梦想，比如建立一个像凤凰卫士一般的传媒团体，需要充足的财力和经营理念。困难，可是谁说是不能实现的呢？ 

就从现在开始积累吧：） 

原文作者： 胡一峰

现状简介

经过近十年的发展，卫星电视在技术上日臻成熟，节目质量也逐步提高，在争取多频道电视用户方面，已成为有线电视强有力的竞争对手。卫星电视较之有线电视的优势主要有两个：（1）更优的LD质量的视图和CD质量的音响；（2）更大的传输空间，因此可以拥有更多的节目频道。

凤凰卫视就是近年来卫星电视业中的佼佼者。从1996年3月31日凤凰卫视中文台开播，到2000年6月30日凤凰卫视控股有限公司在香港联合交易所的创业板成功挂牌上市，仅四年多一点的时间，这个华人受众最广泛的华语卫星电视，就从单一频道扩展成为多频道的卫星电视平台———包括中文台、电影台、欧洲台和2001年1月1日刚启播的美洲台、资讯台，不仅如此，收支也有了盈利。

据中国国家统计局北京美蓝德信息公司于1999年8月至9月在中国内地为凤凰卫视做的普及率调查显示，凤凰卫视中文台在内地现有4178万户收视家庭，将近1.47亿收视人口，占全国电视家庭户的13.1％。其中，北京、上海、广州、成都等地的观众量达到2823万户、9040万人，普及率达20.2％。

“凤凰”是如何腾飞的呢？本文试图从媒体经济学的角度探讨凤凰卫视在中国内地的成功之道。

地理市场

不同的媒体，其地理市场的自由度也很不一样。有的媒体不受任何时间和空间的限制，可以自主选择并推广覆盖区域。有的媒体的覆盖范围则受到技术本身的制约。也有一些媒体受政府有关条例的管制，虽然技术上可以达到更广的覆盖，但却只能在有限的区域内投放。凤凰卫视持续致力于开拓世界华人市场。欧洲台覆盖了25个欧洲国家。美洲台覆盖了美国及加拿大。而最早开播的中文台覆盖面更广，包括54个国家和地区。由于全世界华人集中在中国内地，能否在中国内地拥有更大的市场占有率，是凤凰卫视最为关注的。

中国内地对于境外及港澳台地区卫星电视的接收有严格的规定。国务院《卫星电视广播地面接收设施管理规定》（129号令）及其《实施细则》明确指出：国家对卫星地面接收设施的安装和使用实行许可制度，未经许可从事卫星地面接收设施的安装和使用均属违法行为；利用卫星地面接收设施接收、传送电视节目，必须取得接收许可证；禁止利用各种传输载体向居民住宅传送境外及港澳台地区的卫星电视广播节目；禁止经批准设置的卫星地面接收设施使用单位擅自增加接收节目范围和扩大收视对象。

而可以申请设置卫星地面接收设施接收境外卫星电视节目的单位和场所主要有以下三类：

（1）级别较高、规模较大的教育、科研、新闻、金融、经贸等确因业务工作需要的单位；

（2）三星级或国家标准二级以上的涉外宾馆；

（3）专供外国人和港、澳、台人士办公或居住的公寓等。

除了上述三类单位和场所，凤凰卫视中文台已进入广东省、广州市和深圳市三大有线电视网。而广东省内的其他有线电视网也大部分转播凤凰卫视的节目。估计仅在珠江三角洲就有超过250万户、1000万收视观众可以清晰地收看到凤凰卫视中文台的节目。广东省被批准通过有线电视网接收凤凰卫视，不仅有地理上的原因（和凤凰卫视总部所在地香港毗邻），很大程度上还得益于凤凰卫视的自律：严格遵守内地的新闻纪律，知道如何做才不至于“触地雷”。这是现阶段境外卫星电视要打入中国内地市场的首要关键。

产品市场

（一）争取节目观众

经济学里有一个“产品异质化”（productdifferentia－tion）的概念。产品异质化是指在众多产品中，消费者觉察到的某一产品和其它产品真实或潜在的细微差别。好的“异质化”会带给消费者对该产品与众不同的认知和感受，从而偏爱该产品。

凤凰卫视占有“产品异质化”的优势。创立之初，它希望通过对其它媒体的“拾遗补缺”来显示其自身的独到之处：立足香港，沟通两岸三地，联结东南亚及全世界的华人。为了节目的独特性，凤凰卫视不断加大自制节目的比重。中文台刚成立的头一年里，每天首播7、8个小时，其中自制节目不到1个小时。现在每天首播10个小时左右，自制节目达6个小时以上。一些历时很长的王牌节目，如“小莉看时事”、“凤凰早班车”深深赢得了观众和广告商的心。而近来的“千禧之旅”、“欧洲之旅”等大规模自制节目则更为凤凰卫视增加了印象分。新近启播的资讯台，每周除了几个小时的节目是向外采购的，如购买美国哥伦比亚广播公司的《60分钟》节目，基本上所有的节目都是自制的。收视观众表示喜欢收看凤凰卫视中文台的原因有：节目内容丰富多彩，娱乐性强；因为是境外电视台，节目有新鲜感；形式活泼；能接触港台风土人情。

香港某家电视台的一位资深广告人士认为：电视节目的最终发展趋势是，没有台只有频道，甚至没有频道只有节目。观众不会因为某个电视台的级别多高而看你的节目，而是因为你的节目内容好。今后电视节目的分类可能将以专业类的频道为主。电视节目的频道化在某种程度上迎合了现代受众对专业化节目的需求。这里的“频道化”是“异质化”的一个具体表现，是把受众牢牢绑住的原因之一。

在这样一个趋势下，任何一个相类似的节目都可以成为竞争对手。比如有人拿凤凰卫视的《锵锵三人行》和中央电视台的《实话实说》比较。如果说这也是一种竞争的话，未来凤凰卫视面临很多这样的挑战。当然，凤凰卫视自有吸引观众的手段———打名牌主持人的“牌”。主持人与节目是相互促进的。节目的收视率高，少不了出色的主持人；而一档好的节目也可以造就一位名主持。好的主持人能够驾驭节目、表现节目，从而提高收视率。而收视率一旦提高，主持人的身价也随之上升。由于凤凰卫视的运作机制比较灵活，很多节目实际上是为主持人度身订做的。这种做法十分有利于挖掘和培养名牌主持人，使他们在节目里找到最适合自己的位置，如鱼得水，相得益彰。

还有一个达到“产品异质化”的策略是———“公关”。从某种程度上说，“公关”就是信息管理，即把有效的信息传达给有效的对象。“公关”的形式有两种。一种是自己给自己做，比如在自家的频道上大力推广自己的节目。凤凰卫视这一招，使得内地许多电视台都争相效仿，几乎成为一种模式。另一种是请别人帮忙做，这一招可谓“巧借东风”。这方面，凤凰卫视是很擅长的。

另一方面，确实有一些新成立的境外卫视频道在一定程度上对凤凰卫视构成了潜在的威胁，但在短期内很难撼动它的华语卫视领导者的地位。比如2000年8月开播的华语卫星频道“阳光卫视”，由著名电视人杨澜担任主席，以历史文化和人物传记为主题。因为是新生儿，观众数量还不是很多。当然慢慢地它会有一批固定的观众，但喜爱阳光卫视的受众群和喜爱凤凰卫视的受众群应该不会有大的冲突，因为节目定位不同。再比如新加坡华人蔡和平在香港创办的华侨娱乐家庭台（简称“华娱”），节目质量一直差强人意，前些时候被美国的时代华纳公司并购后，希望有所振作，但至今尚未见其有什么大的动作。

一家电视台的发展不是一件容易的事，首先要有足够的资金支持，然后就是人才储备，还要有先进的管理机制和经营理念。而最为重要的是，节目能否吸引人。若能在“产品异质化”上下功夫，想必能在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。

（二）争取广告客户

由于媒体产业的特殊性，其产品市场是一个双重市场。除了以上说的争取节目观众，另一方面则是争取广告客户。

一个电视媒体，特别是卫星电视媒体，在5年内亏本是非常正常的。广告商需要对“新生儿”有一个长时间的观察，看它到底能不能撑得住。美国第一大新闻网CNN花了十多年才盈利；香港卫星电视（STARTV）于1990年创立，尽管早些年已被传媒大王默多克（RupertMurdoch）并购入新闻集团，但至今尚未盈利；而中天卫视（CTN）则更是处于收缩状态。

但凤凰卫视却做得有声有色。自1996年6月30日创办以来，仅用了4年多一点的时间，凤凰卫视在1999－2000财政年度（即1999年7月1日到2000年6月30日）首次实现了盈利，达5030万港币。2000年7、8、9三个月的收入较去年同期上升约94％。这一速度在同行中是遥遥领先的。

凤凰卫视为什么能在较短的时间内盈利呢？主要是广告收入大幅飙升，以平均每年60％的速度增长。目前，凤凰卫视有90％的收入源于广告，内地与海外的比重是7：3，其余10％则为提供节目内容的收益。而广告收入之所以增长，主要由于平均广告收费和广告销售量均告上升，使黄金时段和非黄金时段内可用广告时间的使用率均有所增加。2000年7月1日起，凤凰卫视的广告费上调了30％，黄金时段的广告费由原来每段3300美元增至4500美元。而调高收费后并未出现广告客户流失的现象。

这里涉及到媒体经济学一个重要的概念“价格需求弹性”（priceelasticityofdemand）。一件产品，如果需求下降的比例远远超过价格上涨的幅度，则称其“弹性”为强。反之，价格的涨落对需求没有明显的影响，就称其“弹性”为弱。这种情况往往是因为缺少和该件产品相等同的“替代品”（substitute），消费者没有其它选择。凤凰卫视在调高广告收费后，广告客户的需求量不减，说明凤凰卫视在广告客户的眼里，可替代性不高。也就是说，广告客户认为，别的电视媒体达不到他们所要诉求的目标消费群体。

凤凰卫视究竟拥有怎样一个特定的受众群呢？根据AC尼尔森调查公司于1999年5月至7月在中国30个城市做的新世纪调查报告显示，凤凰卫视观众无论家庭收入、教育水平及工作岗位均比一般电视观众高。家庭总收入在4000元人民币以上的有15％，比全部电视观众的同样家庭收入高出87％。43％的凤凰观众教育水平在大专以上，比全部电视观众的同程度教育高出34％。42％的凤凰观众是经理／专业人士／政府官员，比全部电视观众的同程度比例高出13％。这些人从某种意义上来说是具有决策力和影响力的人。他们不仅会直接参与消费，而且会对别的群体起示范作用，他们是广告客户首选的目标观众。这些观众形成了相当稳定的收视习惯，广告商也就十分乐意投资了。吸引了观众，也就牢牢地吸引了广告商。

另外，从广告策略来说，以国际带国内，以知名带新生，也是凤凰卫视广告业蓬勃发展的秘诀。首先，凤凰卫视营造了一个高标准、高质量的广告环境。一些很少在别的媒体上做广告的国际知名品牌，却愿意在凤凰卫视投放广告，比如法国航空公司、宝马汽车等等。当高标准、高质量的广告氛围已然形成，“连锁反应”就产生了。国内知名品牌也纷至沓来。著名的茅台酒首次在电视广告上亮相，就选择了凤凰卫视。

越来越多的广告客户青睐凤凰卫视。现在，中文台的广告销售已经面临满档的局面。资讯台的开播将提供更多的可销售的广告时段。由于这两个频道的节目类型和主要受众不同，广告分流不是问题。资讯台主要播放财经新闻和时事新闻，吸引的是商界人士和理论研究人员，因此广告商会以商业客户为主要消费者。表现在广告内容上，以金融、IT、办公、旅游等产品和服务为主。而中文台原先是一个生活娱乐频道，后来虽然融入了一部分时事，但总的说来，有点综合性的味道，表达一种年轻、时尚的感觉。因此，化妆品、时装、名酒等广告是其首选对象。

此外，凤凰卫视不仅努力“开源”，而且注意“节流”———控制成本。凤凰卫视正拟在深圳建一个制作中心。一旦运作起来，除了新闻，其它的节目都会拿到内地来做，因为内地的人工和设备相对香港要低廉。这样就可以将成本控制到最低。

发展趋势

“凤凰”作为一个媒体的品牌，在中国内地已备受认同。根据刊登于美国《财富》杂志1999年10月号的盖洛普（Gallup）调查报告，在中国认识凤凰卫视的受访者占36％，其知名度与国际知名品牌“麦当劳”快餐不相伯仲，更高于通用汽车、爱立信移动电话、汇丰银行等著名品牌。

凤凰集团的产业呈现“多样化”（diversification）的特点。除了前面提到的5个频道，它还涉足其它媒体。如于2000年6月30日正式出版并在中国内地特许发行的综合性周刊《凤凰周刊》，它的广告及订购收入占了凤凰卫视总收入的0.1％。凤凰网也是凤凰集团的一大产业。凤凰集团已在北京成立独资企业，与内地的互联网服务商合作。其目标是发展成为内容丰富的纵向式资讯娱乐入门网站，将凤凰集团所有有关电视和杂志的内容与互联网社群连接起来，提供一站式的娱乐、新闻和体育等资讯。

媒体产业的“多样化”是十分必要的，它让媒体有能力抵御意外的风险，经受住各种外来的打击。凤凰卫视从只有一个频道发展到如今拥有多项产业，众多广告客户就是看中了这种自我抵御风险的能力，对它十分有信心。

媒体上市是媒体产业化的一种行为。2000年6月30日，凤凰卫视在香港联合交易所的创业板成功上市，这标志着“凤凰”品牌的无形资产和有形资产得到了市场的确认。据悉，凤凰卫视的资产估值约为52亿港元，该次发行的7.27亿新股，每股价格定为1.08港币，其中90％配售给机构投资者及员工，公开发售的7200多万股颇受市场的欢迎。凤凰卫视的成功上市也表明，凤凰四年来不仅在节目声誉、品牌效应等方面赢得了市场，同时在资本运作方面也营造了一个奇迹。

于2001年1月1日正式启播的凤凰卫视美洲台，是凤凰卫视继中文台、电影台、欧洲台之后推出的又一新频道。凤凰卫视美洲台以香港为运作基地，将卫星讯号传送到大西洋彼岸，与在美国拥有最大的卫星电视直播平台的DIRECTV合作，通过其网络向北美洲超过百万的华人观众提供立足于两岸三地的24小时全普通话综合节目。凤凰卫视美洲台在美国成功落地，标志着凤凰卫视已经在相当程度上完成了对全球的覆盖，有助于加强凤凰卫视在国际传媒舞台上的影响力和竞争力。而另一个全新的频道———凤凰卫视资讯台，则是现阶段大中华地区唯一24小时全普通话报道财经新闻和时政新闻的频道。

看来，凤凰卫视正处于事业发展的好时机，在未来的几年内，“凤凰”应该会飞得更高。

A Fact List for Modelling.

Glamours, hot and success, models are portraied the symbol of a luxurious life. 

I feel it is mundane to pay over emphasis on those superficial stuff, yet I could not conceal my interest and madly adoration towards the world of fashion and glamour. 

May it be a habit of woman to overlook appearance.Nevertheless, a vacation is a vacation. Let's put some genuine effort in understanding the world of fame, sensual, power and desire.

First lesson,as I indicated right in the beginning,  is a study of models.      

Model

A model (from Middle French modèle), sometimes called a mannequin, is a person who is employed for the purpose of displaying and promoting fashion clothing or other products and for advertising or promotional purposes or who poses for works of art.

Modelling is distinguished from other types of public performance, such as an acting, dancing or mime artist, although the boundary is not well defined. Appearing in a movie or a play is not considered modelling. However, models may be considered to express emotion in their photographs or video.

Types of modelling include fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, and body-part models. Models are features in a variety of media formats including books, magazines, movies, newspapers, and TV. The models themselves can be a featured part of a movie ( Looker, Tattoo), reality television show, or music video.

Modeling agency

A modeling agency is a company that represents a group of models which they call their model board. A model bookers (also called "booker" or "agent") are a group of people who manage a model's career. An agent helps a model find jobs, book jobs, gives advice, and emails or gives copy books and comp cards to various clients they work with. ( a comp card is a selection of pictures printed on a card, a copy book is a scanned version of a models portfolio). An agent may send models to various clients and schedule modeling interviews (also called go and see or castings).

A model does not have to work with an agent but it is highly recommended for fashion/runway models. 

Fashion Model

The job ranking for fashion models are: print (part time), print modelling (full time), runway modelling, and supermodel.

Print modeling

Print models showcase clothes in images used in magazines, newspapers, advertisements, billboards, press kits, etc. Fashion models may be used to display or promote various types of clothing, such as dresses, jeans, suits, lingerie, or swimsuit. They are known as a "editorial model" or "photographic model". They can work all over the world. The fashion capitals are London, Paris, Tokyo, Milan, and New York. Though there are markets in almost every country, shooting can take you anywhere from a studio to exotic locations like Fiji or Morocco, which can make a career exciting but also demanding.

The requirements for print models depends on the needs of the employer. Models must be well kept- hair, skin, and attractive or unique features.

Runway modeling

Runway models showcases clothes from fashion designers, fashion media, and consumers. They are also called "live models" and they are self employed. Runway models work in different locations. Models constantly travel to large cities where fashion is well known - London, Milan, New York City, and Paris.

Some runway models were discovered as print models. The requirement to become a runway model includes certain height and weight requirements. During runway shows, models have to constantly change clothes and makeup. The models turns and stands to demonstrate the garment's key features. Models also go to interviews (called go and sees) and must keep a portfolio of their work. They go to modeling interviews to find more work. The more experience a model have, the more that she is likely to be hired for a fashion show. Girls who do not get cast on the fashion show are sent home. A model can work in other areas, such as department store fashion shows, creating product lines, acting etc.

 The British Association of Model Agents (AMA) says that female models should be around 34-24-34 in (86-61-86 cm) and 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) tall.The model must be slender and in shape.

The preferred dimensions for a male model are a height of 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) to 6 ft 2 in (1.91 m), a waist of 28–32 in (71.12–81.28 cm) and a chest measurement of 36–40 in (91.44–101.60 cm). Male runway models have been noted as being skinny and well toned.

Male and female models must also possess clear skin, healthy hair, and attractive facial features.

The former requirement measurements for models used to be 35.5-23.5-35.5 in (90-60-90 cm), which were the alleged measurements of Marilyn Monroe. Today's fashion models tend to have measurements closer to the AMA recommended shape. Although in some fashion industries, a size 00 is more ideal than a size 0.

Recently, runway walks are less flamboyant compared to the late '80s and early '90s, when Naomi Campbell and other supermodels were known for their distinct struts. Instead, most designers want a natural stroll.

Supermodels

According to Forbes and the Guinness Book, the richest model in the world is Brazilian Gisele Bündchen

Supermodels are highly paid, high profile fashion models. These (usually female) celebrities appear on top fashion magazine covers, in catalogues, and in fashion shows.

Glamour models

Glamour photography emphasizes the model and the model's sexuality rather than products, fashion or the environment. Glamour modelling often focuses on the body of the subject and insinuations of sexuality serve to enhance a product's attractiveness. Glamour models may be used for mass-produced calendars, pinup and for men's magazines, such as Playboy magazine. Famous glamour models include Pamela Anderson, Jordan, Jodie Marsh, Lucy Pinder, and Louise Glover.

Fitness modelsFitness modeling centers on displaying an athletic physique. Fitness models usually have defined muscles like bodybuilders, but with less emphasis on muscle size. Their body weight is usually similar to (or heavier than) fashion models, but they have a lower body fat percentage due to increased muscle mass relative to fat mass.

Bikini models

Bikini models are also usually required to be obviously fit and with an appealing body shape. Bikini models can usually be shorter, around 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) to 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m).

Models with other objects

Stainless steel chair in use in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The model is used in order to combine her beauty with the chair design and supposedly, increase sales.

Due to various aspects, models are used to increase sales of a wide variety of products including: cars, food, furniture, electronic devices, etc.

Artist's models

Main article: Model (art)

Art models are models who pose for photographers, painters, sculptors, and other artists as part of their work of art.

Models are frequently used for training art students, but are also employed by accomplished artists. The most common types of art created using models are figure drawing, figure painting, sculpture and photography. Although commercial motives dominate over the esthetics in advertising, its 'artwork' commonly employs models.

Models for life drawing classes are often entirely nude, apart from visually non-obstructive personal items such as small jewelry and sometimes eyeglasses. In a job advertisement seeking nude models, this may be referred to as being "undraped" or "disrobed". (Alternatively, a cache-sexe may be worn.

Gravure idols

A gravure idol (グラビアアイドル gurabia aidoru), often abbreviated to gradol (グラドル guradoru) is a Japanese female model who primarily models on magazines, especially thorse marketed to men,  photobooks or DVDs. Gravure idols, in most cases, emphasize their sexual attractiveness and often model in swimsuits.

Gravure idols appear in a wide range of photography styles and genres. Their photos are largely aimed at male audiences. Gravure idols rarely appear fully nude in their photos, but their poses often can be labeled as semi-provocative.

Alternative models

An alternative model is any model that does not fit into the conventional model types, and may include punk, goth, fetish, tattooed models or models having a distinctive attribute. These mix with high fashion and art models. Publishers such as Goliath in Germany have enabled alternative models and punk photography to become known to a larger audience.

Body-parts models

Some models are employed for their particularly attractive body parts. For example, hand models may be used to promote nail products and are frequently part of most television commercials.

Salary

Despite the stereotype of modeling as a lucrative and glamorous profession, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics the median wage for commercial and print models was only $11.22 per hour in 2006.MarketWatch listed modeling as one of the ten worst jobs in America. Print models may work for manufacturers, stores, etc. for little or no pay. Experienced print models can make about $200- $ 500 per hour. Some print models do not work with an agent. The ones that work with an agent must give 15 - 20 % of the model's earnings to the agent. Famous print models can make thousands of dollars.

 Beginner female runway model make less money than models that have experience. The average wage for a female runway model can range from $ 250 -$1,000 an hour per runway walk. The average salary of a runway model is $ 500,000.Well known runway models can make thousands and millions per year. Costs of travel, transportation, food, hotels, etc. are deducted from the model's pay. Fashion models can get discovered by editors, cosmetic companies, photographers, fashion industry professionals, etc. A contract girl for a cosmetic company can make about $ 300,000 to $ 2 million per year.

 Male runway model makes less than female runway models. Beginner models can earn up to $ 150 per shoot. The famous male models make at least $500,000 per year. Designer clothing and fragrance ads pay the most money. A male runway model can earn up to $8,000-$15,000 per day for high end catalogues.

Hollywood

The first movie studio in the Hollywood area, Nestor Studios, was founded in 1911 by Al Christie for David Horsley in an old building on the northwest corner of Sunset Boulevard and Gower Street. In the same year, another fifteen Independents settled in Hollywood. Hollywood came to be so strongly associated with the film industry that the word "Hollywood" came to be used colloquially to refer to the entire industry.

In 1913, Cecil B. DeMille, in association with Jesse Lasky, leased a barn with studio facilities on the southeast corner of Selma and Vine Streets from the Burns and Revier Studio and Laboratory, which had been established there. DeMille then began production of The Squaw Man (1914). It became known as the Lasky-DeMille Barn and is currently the location of the Hollywood Heritage Museum.

The Charlie Chaplin Studios, on the northeast corner of La Brea and De Longpre Avenues just south of Sunset Boulevard, was built in 1917. It has had many owners after 1953, including Kling Studios, which housed production for the Superman TV series with George Reeves; Red Skelton, who used the sound stages for his CBS TV variety show; and CBS, who filmed the TV series Perry Mason with Raymond Burrthere. It has also been owned by Herb Alpert's A&M Records and Tijuana Brass Enterprises. It is currently The Jim Henson Company, home of the Muppets. In 1969, The Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Board named the studio a historical cultural monument.

The famous Hollywood Sign originally read "Hollywoodland." It was erected in 1923 to advertise a new housing development in the hills above Hollywood. For several years the sign was left to deteriorate. In 1949, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce stepped in and offered to remove the last four letters and repair the rest.

The sign, located at the top of Mount Lee, is now a registered trademark and cannot be used without the permission of the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, which also manages the venerable Walk of Fame.

The Hollywood Sign as it appears today.

The first Academy Awards presentation ceremony took place on May 16, 1929 during a banquet held in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel on Hollywood Boulevard. Tickets were USD $10.00 and there were 250 people in attendance.

From about 1930, five major Hollywood movie studios from all over the Los Angeles area, Paramount, RKO, 20th Century Fox, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros., owned large, grand theaters throughout the country for the exhibition of their movies. The period between the years 1927 (the effective end of the silent era) to 1948 is considered the age of the "Hollywood studio system", or, in a more common term, the Golden Age of Hollywood. In a landmark 1948 court decision, the Supreme Court ruled that movie studios could not own theaters and play only the movies of their studio and movie stars, thus an era of Hollywood history had unofficially ended. By the mid-1950s, when television proved a profitable enterprise that was here to stay, movie studios started also being used for the production of programming in that medium, which is still the norm today.
[edit]